If Fb is above T99, and F is not high, then the individual may have randomly responded to the latter part of the test. Developed like the F scale, it is made up of items that are endorsed less than 10% of the time by normals (but frequently by disturbed individuals). Low scores (T<45), possible fake good profile.įb - Back F scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Grahm & Tellegen, 1989). Mostly elevations in the F scale are due to psychopathology high item overlap with scale 8. High scores (>T70), best measure of overall psychopathology, resentment, acting out, moodiness. Very high scores (T> 90) commonly found with psychotic patients. Very high (>T99) possible random, exaggerated, or mis-scored profile. High scores, >T65, are associated with claims of assertiveness, confidence, and virtuousness.į Scale - Infrequency (Hathaway & McKinley, 1951) (60 items). Sd highly correlates with Mp and L, and only slightly with K. Sd-Social Desirability Scale (Wiggins, 1959) (33 items) based on asking college students to respond to the MMPI as a person who has the general values of the American culture. If T greater than 60, and L and/or K are also high, there is likely to be a conscious attempt to fake to look good. Mp should only be used along with L and K. Mp is highly correlated with Sd, L and S. It may measure a conscious attempt to give a favorable impression. Developed by having college students take the MMPI under conditions, of fake good, fake bad and normal. Mp- Positive Malingering Scale (Cofer et al. Low (65, consider a faking to look good bias. High scores are common with individuals who are well adjusted and well educated, and tend to be in control of their lives. Very high scores are usually a sign of defensiveness. If there are signs of psychopathology in the history, then high K indicates defensiveness, insightlessness, intolerance, dogmatism, and being controlling. Interview the person to see if they can truly walk on water. A high L will submerge scales of obvious psychopathology, and inflate scales of healthy functioning such as the Ego Strength scale. A high L can mean anything from a very well mannered normal wanting to give a good impression, to a compensated paranoid. Tendency to create a favorable impression as a response bias, conventional, rigid, moralistic, repression, denial, and insightless. L Lie Scale (Hathaway and McKinley, 1951) (15 items). This can also be High due to inconsistencies within the personality. Scores of 13 or more would be considered invalid. This is possibly the best measure of random, or inconsistent responding. (MMPI-2) 49 pairs of semantically inconsistent responses. VRIN - Variable Response Inconsistency scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham & Tellegen, 1989). Low scores of 5 or less responded with a "nay-saying" test set, responding mainly "False."
This can be also be High due to severe psychopathology. High scores, 13 or more, have responded to the MMPI in a "yea-saying" test set, responding mostly "True".
(MMPI-2) 23 pairs of items that are semantically inconsistent. TRIN - True Response Inconsistency scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham & Tellegen 1989).
Twenty or more left unanswered should be considered significant. More than ten left unanswered may be of clinical significance. It is important to look for a pattern that may exist in the items that are left blank. High scores may be due to obsessiveness, defensiveness, difficulty in reading, confusion, hostility, or paranoia. To learn more about the MMPI-3, please visit /MMPI-3.? Scale - Cannot Say (MMPI/MMPI-2). Census Bureau demographic projections for 2020, the MMPI-3 normative sample includes 810 men and 810 women ages 18 and older from diverse communities throughout the United States. Norm Group: Updated for the first time since the mid-1980s and designed to match U.S. Minimum Reading Level: 5th grade (Lexile average), 4.5 grade (Flesch-Kincaid) Administration: Computer, CD, or paper-and-pencil Publisher: University of Minnesota Press Test Authors: Yossef Ben-Porath, Ph.D., and Auke Tellegen, Ph.D. The MMPI-3 provides a contemporary assessment for mental health, medical, forensic, and public safety settings. Featuring new English- and Spanish-language norms and updated items and scales, the 335-item MMPI-3 builds on the history and strengths of the MMPI instruments to provide an empirically-validated, psychometrically up-to-date standard for psychological assessment.
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